Molecular Drivers of Tumorigenesis and Metastasis in Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma

A 50-year-old male suspected of lung carcinoma. Biopsy of the left scapular lesion was done. Histopathological findings 
consistent with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. 
Challenges:
• Targeted therapy gap: Most Squamous Cell Lung Cancer tumours lack well-defined actionable mutations
• Aggressive disease biology - Genomic complexity leading to high proliferation and early metastatic potential, leading 
to rapid progression despite standard treatments 
• Tumor Heterogeneity: Significant intra-tumoral heterogeneity complicates biomarker testing and consistent 
treatment response
• Treatment Resistance: Primary and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is common.